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Acids, Bases and Salts — Quick Revision

Chemistry Class 10 Acids, Bases and SaltsEnglishStandard

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A one-page revision of properties, the pH scale, indicators, and the neutralisation reaction.

Acids: sour taste, turn blue litmus red, release H⁺ ions in water (e.g. HCl, H₂SO₄).
Bases: bitter, soapy feel, turn red litmus blue, release OH⁻ ions (e.g. NaOH, Ca(OH)₂).

0–6 = acidic, 7 = neutral (pure water), 8–14 = basic. Lower pH means stronger acid.

Litmus, phenolphthalein (pink in base, colourless in acid) and methyl orange help identify acids and bases.

Acid + Base → Salt + Water. Example: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O.

Everyday link: antacids (mild bases) neutralise excess stomach acid; that is neutralisation in action.

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